The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company's management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

From the Company's inception through January 1, 2018, the Company's functional and presentation currency was the New Israeli Shekel ("NIS"). Management conducted a review of the functional currency of the Company and decided to change its functional and presentation currency to the U.S. dollar ("dollar", "USD" or "$") from the NIS effective January 1, 2018. These changes were based on an assessment by Company management that the USD is the primary currency of the economic environment in which the Company operates.

In determining the appropriate functional currency to be used, the Company followed the guidance in Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 830, "Foreign Currency Matters", which states that factors relating to sales, costs and expenses, financing activities and cash flows, as well as other potential factors, should be considered. In this regard, the Company is incurring and expects to continue to incur a majority of its expenses in USD as a result of its expanded clinical trials including Phase 3 trials. These changes, as well as the fact that the majority of the Company's available funds are in USD, the Company's principal source of financing is the U.S. capital market, and all of the Company's budgeting is conducted solely in U.S. dollars, led to the decision to make the change in functional currency as of January 1, 2018, as indicated above.

At the date of change of functional currency, the Company also changed the presentation currency of these financial statements to the USD. This change was retrospectively implemented. In accordance with ASC 830, since the Company's presentation currency was different than its functional currency, results and financial position were translated using the following principles: (i) all assets and liabilities were translated using the current exchange rates, (ii) equity accounts were translated using the historical rates, and (iii) income and expenses for each statement of comprehensive income or separate income statement presented were translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

The Company also implements the guidance in ASC 830 regarding translating foreign currency financial statements of consolidated subsidiary.

As a result of the change in the Company's functional currency, at January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified its warrants with an exercise price denominate in USD to equity according to the warrants fair value on that date in an amount of $2,030 that were outstanding as of December 31, 2017, as a financial liability.

Transactions and balances denominated in U.S. dollars are presented at their original amounts. Monetary accounts denominated in currencies other than the dollar are re-measured into dollars in accordance with ASC No. 830, "Foreign Currency Matters". All transaction gains and losses from the re-measurement of monetary balance sheet items are reflected in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

Prepaid expenses are composed mainly from active pharmaceutical ingredients and clinical trial drug-kits which are expensed based on the percentage of completion method of the related clinical trials.

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:

Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term (including extension option held by the Company and intended to be exercised) and the expected life of the improvement.

The Company generates revenues from distribution agreements. Such revenues comprise of upfront license fees, milestone payments and potential royalty payments.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when the control over the goods or services is transferred to the customer. The transaction price is the amount of the consideration that is expected to be received based on the contract terms, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (such as taxes).

Revenue from contracts with strategic partners are recognized over time as the Company satisfies the performance obligations. The Company usually accepts long-term upfront payment from its strategic partners. Contract liabilities for those upfront payments are recognized as revenue over time.

The Company identified four components in the agreements: (i) performing the research and development services through regulatory approval; (ii) exclusive licensing to distribute the product; (iii) participation in joint steering committee; and, (iv) royalties resulting from future sales of the product. 

In several contracts components (i) – (iii) were analyzed as one performance obligation. Consequently, revenue from these components is recorded based on the term of the research and development services (which is the last deliverable in the arrangement). Component (iv) was not accounted as part of the research and development services and will be recognized entirely upon the Company reaching the sales stage. The useful life, depreciation method and residual value of a liability are reviewed at least each year-end. Revenues from royalties are recognized as they accrue in accordance with the substance and terms of the relevant agreement.

In other contracts, the Company determined the license to the IP to be a functional IP that has significant standalone functionality. The Company is not required to continue to support, develop or maintain the intellectual property transferred and will not undertake any activities to change the standalone functionality of the IP. Therefore, the license to the IP is a distinct performance obligation and as such revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of the license is transferred to the customer.

The Company receives long-term advances. The transaction price for such contracts is discounted, using the rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and its advances at contract inception, to take into consideration the significant financing component. Contract liabilities due to the upfront payments are recognized as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

The Company applies ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" ("ASC 820"). Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent from the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the inputs as follows:

Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2 - Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, trade payables and other accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. Some of the inputs to these models are unobservable in the market and are significant. The Company has financial assets measured using Level 1 inputs. See Note 4 and Note 8.

The Company's liability for severance pay is pursuant to Section 14 of the Severance Compensation Act, 1963 ("Section 14"), pursuant to which all the Company's employees are included under Section 14, and are entitled only to monthly deposits, at a rate of 8.33% of their monthly salary, made in the employee's name with insurance companies. Under Israeli employment law, payments in accordance with Section 14 release the Company from any future severance payments in respect of those employees. The fund is made available to the employee at the time the employer-employee relationship is terminated, regardless of cause of termination. The severance pay liabilities and deposits under Section 14 are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as the severance pay risks have been irrevocably transferred to the severance funds.

Severance pay expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $42, $42 and $42, respectively.

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC No. 740, "Income Taxes", ("ASC 740") which prescribes the use of the liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, a full valuation allowance was provided by the Company.

ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring a liability for uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was recorded as a result of the implementation of ASC 740.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases" (Topic 842) ("ASC 842"). The standard requires lessees to recognize almost all leases on the balance sheet as a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability and requires leases to be classified as either an operating or a finance type lease. The standard excludes leases of intangible assets or inventory. The standard became effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. The Company adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective approach, by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historical accounting under ASC 840. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under ASC 842, which also allowed the Company to carry forward historical lease classifications. The Company also elected the practical expedient related to treating lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all equipment leases as well as electing a policy exclusion permitting leases with an original lease term of less than one year to be excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities.

As a result of the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, the Company recorded both operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of $19. The adoption did not impact the Company's beginning retained earnings, or prior year consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows. Under ASC 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, the Company considers only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement, however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and not included in the operating lease assets and liabilities.

These amounts include payments affected by the Consumer Price Index. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company, with the assistance of a third-party valuation firm, determined the incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU assets also include any lease payments made prior to commencement and are recorded net of any lease incentives received. The Company lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, current and non-current operating lease liabilities, on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. See Note 12 for further information on leases.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting." This ASU supersedes ASC 505-50, "Equity—Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees," and expands the scope of ASC 718, "Compensation—Stock Compensation," to include all share-based payment arrangements related to the acquisition of goods and services from both nonemployees and employees. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.