UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16

Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Month of July 2026

001-36203

(Commission File Number)

CAN-FITE BIOPHARMA LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

26 Ben Gurion Street

Ramat Gan 5257346 Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☒     Form 40-F ☐

On July 20, 2026, Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. issued a press release entitled “Can-Fite Positive Phase 2a Pancreatic Cancer Study Data Accepted for Presentation at ESMO Congress 2026, One of the World’s Premier Scientific Meetings in Oncology”. A copy of this press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1.

Exhibit Index

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.