UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16

Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Month of May 2026

001-36203

(Commission File Number)

CAN-FITE BIOPHARMA LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

26 Ben Gurion Street

Ramat Gan 5257346 Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐

The first and third paragraphs of the press release attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 are hereby incorporated by reference into the registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8 (File No. 333-227753, 333-271384 and 333-278525) and Form F-3 (File Nos. 333-236064, 333-276000, 333-274316, 333-281872, 333-262055, and 333-294760), to be a part thereof from the date on which this report is submitted, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.

On May 13, 2026, Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. issued a press release entitled “Following Positive Phase 2a Pancreatic Cancer Data, Can-Fite Advances Namodenoson into Phase 2b Combination Study with Immunotherapy”. A copy of this press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1.

Exhibit Index

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.