UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Month of November 2013

000-55041
(Commission File Number)

CAN-FITE BIOPHARMA LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

10 Bareket Street
Kiryat Matalon, P.O. Box 7537
Petach-Tikva 4951778, Israel
(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover
Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F þ Form 40-F ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ____

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ____

On November 4, 2013, Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. (the “Company”) issued a press release in Israel announcing that it executed confidentiality agreements with ten established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies with respect to potential negotiations for the commercialization of CF101 for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory indications. In the same press release, the Company also announced that it expects to release the clinical data from its Phase IIb CF101 study in Rheumatoid Arthritis during the last two weeks of 2013. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit Index

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.